This page will deal with the Scotch-Irish in conflict situations in Ulster and the USA over the last 400 years. You have all heard the calls of "Give me death or give me liberty," "What we have we hold" and "No Surrender" well these are much more than lose Scotch Irish words, they ring true in our hearts and souls today, spoken from a resolute group of people who have always refused to be held hostage under tyrants boots either monetarily or religiously.

Below you will read about battles won and lost, about travesty, death, truth and honor, about individual's and army's but most importantly you will be reading about YOUR history. Lets not forget those who have gone before us to make us and our country's what they are today.

And what we today?

The Scots Irish in America and Northern Ireland today are your typical Americans and Ulstermen. They are the very same people separated only by distance and time. They are God fearing hard working, materialists who generally try to conform to the norm. They are the backbone of the economy's and political systems, and the very foundation upon which America was built. If it were not for the Scots Irish, America would probably still be a British colony and Northern Ireland would almost certainly be a country dominated by a single Roman Catholic religion. This is a brief look at some of our Battles and Hero's.

The 57th Regiment of North Carolina Troops. Colonel Hamilton C. Jones.

This Regiment was made up of Scotch-Irish from Rowan, Iredell, Cabarrus, and Mecklenburg. This regiment was engaged in many battles. They fought under the eye of other comrades in the hills, who cheered them with a mighty cheer such was their capabilities. They fought too, under the eye of their great Commander-in-Chief (Godwin) and he repaid them with a flattering notice in an order. It was written that "the high-spirited Scotch-Irish of North Carolina are unsurpassed in the qualities that go to make great soldiers. They do their duty well and valorously, and in fighting, in common with their comrades, they have fixed a standard for the American soldier below which it is hoped he will never fall" Hamilton C. Jones Charlotte, NC 9 Apr 1901

Photo 57th Regiment at Shiloh

42nd Virginia Infantry

The 42nd Virginia Infantry regiment was comprised of 10 companies of Scotch Irish men who came from the central and south-western parts of what is now the Commonwealth of Virginia. The approximately 132 men of Company I, aged 18 to 37, came mostly from the eastern part of Campbell County from such small communities as Concord Depot, Pigeon Run, Brookneal, Hat Creek, and Campbell Court House. Religion was important to the men who formed Company I.

They were all Protestant; a few were Episcopalian, but most were Presbyterian, Methodist, or Baptist, and churches were easily accessible in most communities. The complacent Quakers had long since been driven further west by these fiery Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, who didn't hold with their ways.

Photo 42nd Virginia Infantry

Messines France July 1916. WW1

The 36th (Ulster), went to fight at Passchendale near Ypres and were slaughtered. Theirs are amongst the 74,000 names on the memorial to the missing at Ypres. They drowned in mud, to tired to struggle to safety, or were blown to pieces by shell, or riddled by machine gun bullets.In the two weeks prior to going over the top, 2000 died in their trenches.

They lay, soaked to the skin, in these swamped and rat infested trenches. In heavy torrential rain, gassed and shelled constantly, there was no let up for those two weeks. No fresh water or food could be brought to them so bad was the shelling. They suffered in terrible conditions. Instead of being relieved, these tired and traumatized soldiers, were ordered to attack up a muddy hill, which by now had turned into a quagmire. They advanced, only to be cut to pieces or drown in the mud filled shell holes that they stumbled into. There was no escape.

The 36th (Ulster) Division never recovered.

33rd Virginia Infantry

They sprouted in the Shenandoah Valley and adjoining counties from Scotch-Irish stock that settled the Great Valley of Virginia, these ten companies that gained undying fame as the 33rd Virginia Infantry Regiment. Mostly they were products of the soil and accustomed to the use of firearms. They were young one was only 14 and they were old one was 62, but were all fiercely independent. The regiment fought with distinction in its first major engagement, at Manassas in 1861, and never wavered in the years that followed. Member's of the 33rd followed their battle standard to the finish and paid a high price for it. At Appomattox Court House only 15 remained to receive paroles, all that was left of the regiment whose four-year muster roll carried more than 1,300 names.

Brigadier-General WILLIAM IRVINE.

Born in co. Fermanagh – near Enniskillen, Gen’l William’s education was in Enniskillen Public Schools and by tutor followed by studying medicine by the preceptor system under the famous Dr. Cleghorn. Irvine’s command participated in the expedition against Canada, where he was captured in the encounter at Trois Rivieres. He was released on parole soon afterward, but was not exchanged until 6 May, 1778. Immediately thereupon he resumed arms and participated in the Battle of Monmouth, in which Mary McCauley (Molly Pitcher – who had been a servant in the Irvine household) made for herself a name in history. He was a member of the court martial which tried and declared the guilt of Gen’l Charles Lee, and suspended him from his command." "In 1794 he was active both as arbiter and Commanding Officer of the State Troops in quelling the Whiskey Rebellion in Western Pennsylvania. He was appointed superintendent of the Military Stores at Philadelphia on 13 March, 1800

Ulster Defence Regiment now the Royal Irish Regiment.

The aim of The UDR was to protect Northern Ireland from terrorist attack by Irish Nationalist the IRA, by the way of guarding town centers and patrolling the country carrying out check points and road blocks as and when required. The UDR was not to take any part in public orders duties or serve outside the Province. While the members were on duty they were bound by military law, although they were only on a part-time contract and drawn form the local community. In the early part of 1971 up to the end of July the Northern Ireland came under a sustained attack from the Irish Nationalist Terrorist group the IRA, 187 explosion's went off and hundred's of innocents were murdered.

In August 1971 The UDR received their first complete full- time call out which lasted for almost two weeks.

The IRA targeted Catholic members of the force with vigour, Catholic soldiers started to be intimidated out of The UDR . Scores of serving UDR Catholics were visited at their homes or day time work places and threatened to leave, the worst was when they or family were refused service in Catholic shops or their where being children insulted and bullied at school.

By bombing, shooting, abduction and torture the IRA murdered over 200 UDR members from 1971-1991.

Tom King announced to the Commons that as part of the restructuring of the armed forces that plans had been agreed to merge The UDR with the Royal Irish Rangers. On the 1 July, 1992 the merger of the regiments was officially completed and the new regiment was to become as the Royal Irish Regiment.

100th Regiment, The Roundheads

Since the people in eastern Lawrence County were Scotch-Irish and extremely proud of the fact, General Winfield Scott suggested the name "Roundheads" as a compliment. Roundheads had been the name given to the Scotch-Irish followers of Cromwell two centuries earlier in the English Civil War.

The 100th fought near Charleston, S.C., in Virginia in the second battle of Bull Run, then at South Mountain. It then moved to Vicksburg, Miss., Campaigned through Tennessee, fought numerous battles in Virginia and in the final assault at Petersburg. Approximately 170 members of the Roundheads from Lawrence County died.

As they deployed, Brig. Gen. Isaac Stevens reported to Maj. Gen. Phillip Kearny that his men were in place.

"Will these men fight?" asked Kearny, fuming over the failure of the last attack. Stevens snapped in retort, "By God, Gen. Kearny, these are my Roundheads" . "Who commands them?" asked Kearny. Stevens motioned toward Leasure, and Kearny was quickly by his side, pointing toward the enemy's position. "That is your line of advance," instructed Kearny, "Sweep everything in your path. Look out for your left, and I'll take care of your right." At the command, Leasure threw out Co. A of the 100th and Co. A of the 46th as skirmishers. At Stevens' request ("Send none but the Roundheads"), the 46th was recalled and Co. B of the 100th was designated instead.

Lieutenant General, Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson

Thomas Jonathan Jackson was born on January 21, 1824, in Clarksburg, Virginia. He was of scotch-Irish descent.

He graduated from the US Military Academy in 1846, and fought in the Mexico. Brevetted a major, he was assigned to forts in New York and Florida.

CAMPAIGNS: First Bull Run, Shenandoah Valley, Kernstown, Peninsula, Front Royal, Cross Keys, Port Republic, Seven Pines, Seven Days, Gaines Mill, White Oak Swamp, Groveton, Second Bull Run, Harper's Ferry, Antietam and Fredericksburg.

HIGHEST RANK ACHIEVED: Lieutenant General.

When Jackson returned from a recon mission, his own troops mistook him and his party for Union cavalry, and shot him. Carried to a nearby home, his left arm was amputated, and he seemed to recover somewhat. During the night, however, he became sicker, and developed pneumonia. His death, on May 10, 1863, only about 25 months into the war, was a major blow to the Confederate military.

The 36th (ULSTER) Division, and the Battle of the Somme WW1

On 1st July 1916 Ulster was robbed of its young men and future blood, they died by the thousand. It was a tragedy from which our numbers will never recover.

1916 Across the battlefields of France on 1st July 1916 dawn broke early. In the area of the River Somme the arrival of the first pale glimmerings of light brought with it a little drizzly rain. However, this was soon to pass, and the battle of this tragic, harrowing day was destined to be fought under a blue, cloudless sky, and a hot pitiless sun.

These Scotch Irish men had saw no fighting before the battle and many died within minutes of it starting due to the fact that the men were insufficiently trained in the soldiers' skills of warfare. This was to have a serious effect upon the outcome of the battle.

The Division was to sweep northwards attacking the remaining German positions and "roll them up" from the south. There were not enough heavy guns to destroy the very deep German dugouts; because of mass production at least one third of all the shells failed to explode; and, most seriously of all, the eighteen-pounders which were supposed to destroy German barbed wire were having only a limited and haphazard success. For the assault itself new tactics were to be used. Instead of the previous methods of lightly laden men taking advantage of any shelter and then rushing in bursts towards the enemy, Rawlinson decided that, because of the rawness of his soldiers, they were to advance in orderly and regular lines - like regimented ninepins, heavily laden with equipment (about 60 to 70 lbs per man)

At 7.30 the bombardment stopped and an eerie silence fell across the Front. A few seconds later bugles and whistles sounded and the first of the 120,000 soldiers rose from their trenches and went over the top.

Ulstermen were now in a state of patriotic favor, and the many of those who belonged to the Orange Order donned their treasured sashes over their cumbersome equipment and shouted "No Surrender". Prayers were said, hymns were sung and the Ulster Division was ready for battle. At the signal the Ulstermen rose and in few hours performed acts of courage, valor, and heroism which were unsurpassed anywhere during that long, savage day.

Some men started to waver, but roared on by cries of "No Surrender!" they gained new strength and reached the Redoubt and joined their comrades. The fighting was at close quarters and vicious, but by midmorning it was over and the Redoubt was in British hands.part from the Ulster Division's advance the only other gains made that day were in the south. At no time while they had fought did the soldiers from the old Province of Ulster receive help from the Divisions of either flank. Over 2,000 of them died at Thiepval and over 2,700 were wounded.

As an indication of the fierceness of the combat only 165 were taken prisoner. Of the nine Victoria Crosses which were awarded for outstanding bravery on that day, four were won by men of the Ulster Division.

Roosevelt called those frontier fighters very exceptional men and likened them to the men of Oliver Cromwell's army who carried a Bible in one hand and a gun in the other. Roosevelt referred to Cromwell's men as "roundheads" since they cut off their hair, similar apparently to the crewcuts given men in Army basic training today.

Roosevelt referred to Cromwell's opponents as those who wore curls and wigs, ridiculing them as Cromwell's men did.

Roosevelt said the frontier Scotch-Irish frontiersmen of Tennessee, Southwest Virginia and western North Carolina were rugged fighters like Cromwell's and referred to them as the "roundheads of the South" in the American Revolution, they were such tough and courageous fighters. It is said of Colonel John Sevier that he fought many battles and lost none with his frontier Scotch-Irish militiamen.

"In the War of Independence, Ireland furnished 100 men for every single man furnished by any other nation. Let America bear eternal gratitude to Irishmen."

Custis was obviously referring to Northern Ireland, Ulster and the Scotch-Irish who turned out in massive numbers to support the American Revolution. The Scotch Irish were referred to as Irishmen because of their living in and coming from Northern Ireland or Ulster.

The Irish from other parts of Ireland other than Ulster played a very small part in the American Revolution. Some units of that part of Ireland fought for the British, in fact, and had done so since the French and Indian War. But not the Scotch-Irish.

George Washington himself is quoted as saying the following , "If all else fails, I will retreat up the valley of Virginia, plant my flag on the Blue Ridge, rally around the Scotch-Irish of that region, and make my last stand for liberty amongst a people who will never submit to British tyranny whilst there is a man left to draw a trigger" George Washington, at Valley Forge.

"When our friendless standards were first unfurled, who were the strangers who first mustered around our staff, and when it reeled in the fight, who more brilliantly sustained it than Erin's generous sons." He was again referring to the Scotch-Irish from Northern Ireland, Ulster.

And,

"Ireland, thou friend of my country in my country's most friendless days, much injured, much enduring land, accept this poor tribute from one who esteems thy worth, and mourns they desolation.

"May the God of Heaven, in His justice and mercy, grant thee more prosperous fortunes, and in His own time, cause the sun of Freedom to shed its benign radiance on the Emerald Isle."

Once again these words of Washington also speak of his own deep religious faith, as well as the fight of the Scotch-Irish in the north of Ireland, Ulster, and their long fight for freedom from England.

The battles of Londonderry, Northern Ireland and of The Battle of the River Boyne there attest to that long-running fight with England for freedom for the Scotch-Irish in Ulster.

While the population of the larger cities of Philadelphia and New York City was nearly equally divided, one half pro-British and the other half pro-Revolution, the Scotch-Irish, a large portion of which were out on the western frontier were nearly 100% for the Revolution and independence, wherever they were.

It is estimated that as much as 40% of Washington's Continental and Militia army was composed of Scotch-Irish frontiersmen.

The Siege of Derry.

In December 1688, the people of the city of Londonderry had been faced with a dilemma. Tyrconnell had ordered a Catholic regiment (Lord Antrim's Redshanks) to take over the garrison. Protestant fears of a repetition of the 1641 massacres appeared to be confirmed by a letter, discovered in a street in Comber, Co. Down. This letter warned that Irishmen were going to "murder man, wife and child" on the 9th December 1688. However, as Bishop Hopkins pointed out, James was still the lawful king and to resist his soldiers was rebellious act.

On 7th December 1688, when the first companies of Redshanks had crossed the Foyle by ferry, and a group of young apprentices took matters into their own hands by closing the gates of the city. Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Lundy, was appointed as military governor, and he started to improve the defences of the city to meet a likely Jacobite attack. "While we were in this state of confusion, a few resolute apprentice boys determined for us: these ran to the gates and shut them, drew up the bridge and seized the magazine."

By April 1689, only Londonderry and Enniskillen had yet to fall to the Jacobites, and prospects looked bleak when Lundy's troops had to retreat from a battle near Lifford.

The 105 day siege had begun. Conditions within the overcrowded city became desperate as shortage of food caused starvation and disease began to take their toll. The very rats from the cutter's were caught and eaten. On 28 June, the most dangerous attack of the siege was made when two pieces of artillery were brought to fire at the Butcher's Gate, and a mine was dug to a cellar underneath one of the bastions. The attack was only repulsed after a fierce struggle by the Scotch Irish defenders.

At the start of June, a wooden boom had been constructed across the Foyle to prevent ships arriving to relieve the city. On 8 June, the warship Greyhound made an attempt to approach the city, but ran aground and came under fire from Culmore fort. Eventually, on 28 July, three merchant ships called the Mountjoy, Phoenix and Jerusalem sailed towards the boom, protected by the frigate Dartmouth. The Mountjoy hit the boom, but rebounded and ran aground. Sailors in a longboat from the Swallow also reached the boom and attacked it with hatchets. The Mountjoy fired its guns at approaching Jacobite troops, and the recoil helped to refloat the ship.

The boom was broken, and the Phoenix and Mountjoy were able tie up at the Shipquay to unload their precious cargo of food for the starving people of the city. By the evening of the 31 July, the Jacobites could be seen burning their encampments and marching off towards Lifford.

Major Andrew McClary, killed at Bunker Hill

Major Andrew McClary of Revolutionary fame, was the second son of Scotch Irish emigrant Andrew McClary, who came from Ulster to this country in 1726. We find him at an early age acting as a scout and later, an officer in Roger's famous company of New Hampshire Rangers, and finally, as he gained experience and caution, the chosen and trusted leader in all local expeditions against the Indians. comments on a Scotch-Irish settlement that "they were a people who would praise good whiskey and drink it, and damn bad whiskey and drink that with equal relish" may have included the major, for it cannot be denied that he was somewhat given to conviviality .

He was among the first officers of the army, possessing a sound judgment, of undaunted bravery, enterprising, ardent and sealous both as a patriot and a soldier.

He was killed at Bunker Hill when after having satisfied himself from a vantage point that the enemy did not intend to leave the strong position on the heights, he was returning , and when within twelve of fifteen rods of where I stood with my company, a random shot from one of the frigates lying near where the center of Cragie's Bridge now is, passed through his body, and put to flight one of the most heroic souls that ever animated man. He leaped two or three feet from the ground, pitched forward, and fell dead upon his face. "Thus fell Major McClary, the highest American officer killed at the battle, the handsomest man in the army, and the favorite of the New Hampshire troops.

Col. ROBERT L. WILSON was born September 11, 1805, in Washington County, Pennsylvania. He is of Scotch-Irish extraction, his ancestors having emigrated from near the city of Belfast soon after the conquest of land by Cromwell, in the Sixteenth Century.

In 1778 they settled in York county, Pennsylvania and in 1782, the father and mother of the family, with ten children, emigrated to the then far west and settled in Washington county, Pennsylvania. The journey was made, and goods transported, upon pack horses over the mountains, there being no roads. This mode of travel was slow and painful.

Col. Wilson then returned to Sterling and assisted in raising Company A, 34th Illinois Regiment, and was elected Captain but declined in favour of Lieutenant Edward N. Kirk, afterwards Brigadier General. In July, 1861, he called on President Lincoln and tendered his services in any capacity where he could be useful. Mr. Lincoln informed him that he had made a list of his old friends whom he desired to appoint to office, and said "now, Colonel, what do you want?" He answered--"Quartermaster will do." Mr. Lincoln replied, "I will appoint you a Paymaster." The appointment was made August 6th, and confirmed by the Senate the next day.

Brigadier-General Elisha Franklin Paxton.

Brigadier-General Elisha Franklin Paxton fell at Chancellorsville while leading the Stonewall brigade. He was a native of Rockbridge County, Va., and of Scotch-Irish descent.

He became a member of General Jackson's staff, and later was appointed adjutant general and chief of staff, Jackson's corps, army of Northern Virginia.

On September 27, 1862, Jackson having well tested his courage and ability, manifested great confidence in him by recommending the volunteer soldier for promotion to brigadier-general and assigned to command of the Stonewall brigade. He commanded the brigade in but two great battles, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.

Early in the next morning of Sunday, May 3d 1863, Paxton led his men through the dense woods against the Federal position. Dismounting, he marched on foot in the front line of his brigade until they came with the enemy's fire, when he was instantly killed by a shot through the breast. At the time of his death he was thirty-five years of age. His remains now lie within a few feet of his chief in Lexington cemetery.

Andrew Jackson

Twice president of the United States (1829-1837), Tennessee senator and congressman, Andrew Jackson was the youngest son of Scotch-Irish immigrants and a hero in the War of 1812 against the British. He defeated their Indian allies, the Creeks, in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend and defeated 10,000 British redcoats in the Battle of New Orleans utilizing a rag-tag army of Tennessee and Kentucky recruits, free blacks, planters and pirates. Jackson was a popular President among the country’s farmers and small businessmen, and effected the consolidation of the Democratic Party, a nexus to Thomas Jefferson’s unestablished Republican Party, supporting non-aristocratic government.

THE SCOTCH IRISH AND THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1775-1781). This war, by which the United States definitely separated themselves from the British connexion, began with the affair of Lexington in Massachusetts, in April 1775, and was virtually ended by the capitulation of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia, in October 1781. The last official battle of the American Revolution didn't occur until September 13, 1782. This conflict pitted a company of British Rangers and 238 Indians against six settlers near the Dutch Fork region in Washington County, PA. The fact that the British and Indians withdrew is an example of the independent nature and fighting ability of the Scotch Irish settlers of the area.

It is always a difficult to measure the critical nature of the days in which one lives. There is of course, a sense in which every generation should feel itself to be crucial to posterity. For truly, it only takes one generation’s unfaithfulness to undermine the future of a culture. It seems we are living in a particularly momentous juncture in our nation’s history. The future of our nation depends (humanly speaking) upon how God’s people respond to the challenges of the hour.

Between the years of 1740 and 1775 and beyond, mighty men filled the pulpits of this land. These men carried out a massive theological training program, equipping the people of our country to discern the times and see what they should do. Though the fact of the "Revolutionary Pulpit" has been noted by modern historians, its true influence is often totally ignored, the Presbyterian church indeed the Scotch Irsih as a whole had a widespread influence which ought never to be overlooked or forgotten. George Bancroft, historian of the eighteenth century, states,

"The revolution of 1776, so far as it was affected by religion, was a Presbyterian measure. It was the natural outgrowth of the principles which the Presbyterianism of the Old World planted in her sons, the Presbyterians of Ulster."

When the Revolution broke out, theScotch-Irish in America, numbered one-sixth of the total population." These people dominated the population of the Middle and Southern Colonies. They were staunchly anti-British in sentiment and would not only prove an invaluable aid to the military efforts but also would be quite influential in the form and structure of the new government. Presbyterians supported the cause of independence; and indeed the American revolution was but the application of the principles of the Reformation to civil government. The entire idea of the covenant and the concept of the right of resistance to tyranny were most important in the fight for independence.

One common designation of the War in Britain was "the Presbyterian Rebellion." An ardent supporter of the king in this country, wrote to his friends in England, " They have been the chief and principle instruments in all these flaming measures. They always do and ever will act against government from that restless and turbulent anti-monarchical spirit which has always distinguished them everywhere."

There were around 30,000 German mercenaries used by England in the fighting, one of them wrote home as follows, "Call this war . . . by whatever name you may, only call it not an American Rebellion, it is nothing more or less than an Irish-Scotch Presbyterian Rebellion." When news of the War reached Britain, Horace Walpole the prime minister announced, "Cousin America has run off with a Presbyterian parson."

Mr. William B. Reed an Episcopalian from Philadelphia, wrote, "A Presbyterian royalist was a thing unheard of. The debt of gratitude which independent America owes to the dissenting clergy and laity never can be paid."

Because of this involvement, the British destroyed more than fifty Presbyterian churches and defaced many others. W. P. Breed points out, "To the privations, hardships and cruelties of the war the Presbyterians were pre-eminently exposed. In them the very essence of rebellion was supposed to be concentrated, and by the wanton plunderings and excesses of the marauding parties they suffered severely. Their Presbyterianism was prima facie evidence of guilt. A house that had a large Bible and David’s Psalms in meter in it was supposed, as a matter of course, to be tenanted by rebels."

When the colonial forces assigned to defend Boston arrived in that city, they were shocked to find what the British had done: "The Old South Church had been desecrated, wantonly and calculatedly. ‘Gentleman Johnny’ Burgoyne had turned it into a riding academy for the cavalry of his regiment! ‘The pulpit and all the pews had been taken away and burned for fuel, and many hundred loads of dirt and gravel were carted in and spread upon the floor. The south door was closed, and a bar was fixed, over which the cavalry were taught to leap their horses at full speed. A grog shop was erected in the gallery . . .’

"Nor was this an isolated incident; throughout the northern Colonies, dissident churches were systematically abused. The Presbyterian church at Newtown, Long Island, had its steeple sawed off, and was used as a prison and guardhouse. Later, it was torn down completely, and its boards used for the construction of soldier huts. In New Jersey, the church at Princeton was stripped of its pews and gallery for fuel, and the churches at Elizabeth and Mount Holly were burned. In New York City, the Presbyterian churches were made into prisons, or used by British officers for stabling their horses."

Many Presbyterian ministers lost their homes and property. Bancroft describes one incident, "One Huck, a captain of British militia, fired [i.e. "set aflame"] the library and dwelling-house of the clergy man at William’s plantation in the upper part of South Carolina, and burned every Bible into which the Scotch Irsh translation of the psalms was bound."

The prominence of Presbyterians in the Revolutionary army is noted by historian J. R. Sizoo: "When Cornwallis was driven back to ultimate retreat and surrender at Yorktown, all the colonels in the Colonial Army but one were Presbyterian elders. More than one-half of all the soldiers and officers of the American Army during the Revolution were Presbyterians." (quoted by Boettner, op. cit., p. 384)

If all else fails, I will retreat up the valley of Virginia, plant my flag on the Blue Ridge, rally around the Scotch-Irish of that region, and make my last stand for liberty amongst a people who will never submit to British tyranny whilst there is a man left to draw a trigger.

George Washington, at Valley Forge.

What accounts for the amazing support of the Scotch Irish Presbyterians and Congregationalists for the move for independence? The explanation is found in the men who worked the fields for an honest living and the men filled the pulpits of these Calvinistic congregations and the things they preached. These remarkable men belived in truth and justice.

To day we are in the United States of America, Northern ireland, Canada and Austrailia are "the descendants of a group of people who refused to be held hostage under the tyrants boots either monetarily or religiously. A group of people who endured many hardships and much suffering to bring us to where we are today, and in so doing built a better world for us all to live in. Even in Northern Ireland they still survive and resist, having edured 400 years of oppresssion and more recantaly 30 years of terrorisim. We are....... very proudly........ Scotch Irish.